Will ( mais casos)

Podemos usar Will quando oferecemos  ou decidimos algo no momento que falando.
(We can use will when we offer something or decide to do something at the moment we are speaking)

Example:

- I'll phone you tomorrow, ok?

-ok, bye!

Usamos : I think I'll..../ I don't think I'll.. quando decidimos fazer algo.

(We use: I think I'll.../ I don't think I'll...  when we decide to do something)

Example:



I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed early tonight.

Não use Present Simple ( I do, I work, I go,..) em sentenças como:

Do not use Present Simple ( I do, I work, I go,..) in sentences like these:

Example:

I'll call you tonight, ok? (not "I call you tonight ")

Não use I'll.. para algo que você decidiu com antecencia.

Do not use I'll.. for something you decided before.

Example:

I'm going to the gym tomorrow, (not "I'll go to the the gym ")

Will and Shall ( Future)

When do I use Will?
Quando uso will?

• O will é usado para o futuro do verbo ser/estar (to be ). 

Example:

It's 11: 47 a.m now. I am having lunch.

At 11: 47 a.m yesterday, I was having lunch.

At 11: 47 a.m tomorrow, I will be having lunch.

When do I use "shall"?

 Quando uso "shall"?  

• O Shall é usado como futuro do verbo ser/ estar ( to be). A unica diferença é que o Shall é mais formal que o will.

Example:

I shall be working tomorrow.                                          I will be working tomorrow.

I think we shall be in Maceió next year.                        I think I will be in Maceió next year.

Present Continuous X Present Perfect Continuous

Present Continuous                            Present Perfect Continuous

             I am doing.                                                                            I have been doing

                now                                                      -------------->  Now

Don't disturb me now. I'm working.                          I've been working hard. Now I'm going.



Present Continuous:  ação continua no presente.                            

Present Perfect Continuous: ação que começa no passado próximo e acabou  a pouco tempo ou ainda está acontecendo.


* Enviem duvidas para este post.

Present Perfect Continuous

When do I use Present Perfect Continuous? (Quando uso o Persent Perfect Continuous?)

Usamos o Present Perfect Continuous para atividades ou fatos que acabaram de acontecer. Há uma conexão com o tempo de agora, algo que conseguimos saber que aconteceu ( é uma ação que deixou vestígios).

exemplo:

Is it raining?

(Está chovendo? )

No, but the grass is wet.

( Não, más a grama está molhada.)

It has been raining.

( Esteve chovendo.)

* O Perfect ( Present Perfect, Past Perfect, ...) não tem equivalente no Português, por isso apenas traduzi o sentido, não dá para traduzir ao pé da letra.

Veja esta outra situação:

It began to rain three hours ago and it is still raining.

How long has it been raining?

It has been raining for three hours.

No exemplo acima, a ação começou no passada ( a algum tempo) e continua no presente.

Para perguntar com o Present Perfect Continuous, use: How Long; Para responder: for...since... the activity is still happening ( like the example) or has just stopped.

Object Pronouns ( me, us, you, him, ...)

Subject pronouns:

Os subject pronouns são os nossos pronomes pessoais.

I         I know Bob.

( Eu)                             

we       We know Bob.

( nós)                              

you       You know Bob.

( você)                              

he       He knows Bob.

( ele)                             

She      She knows Bob.

( ela)                               

                 

They      They knows Bob.

( eles)                                 

Object Pronouns:

Os object pronouns podem ser usados em quatro situações:

1. Usado no final de frases:

Bob knows me.

( Bob me conhece)

Bob knows us.

( Bob nos conhece)

Bob knows you.

( Bob conhece você)

Bob knows him.

( Bob o conhece)

Bob knows her.

( Bob a conhece)

Bob knows them. 

( Bob nos conhece)

2- Usamos para objetos após: like, love.

This is nice. I like it.

3- Usamos me/ us/ him... depois de preposição ( for/ to/ with...)

This is for you.



4- Usamos "Object Pronouns " com: give it/ them to...

I need a book. Give it to me.

Present Tense for the future ( What are you doing tomorrow? )

When I use Present Tense for the future?

We use Present Tense for the future  when we have a plan to do it.
( Usamos sentenças no presente com sentido no futuro quando a ação é planejada)

Example:

I am travelling to Australia Tomorrow morning.

( Eu estarei viajando para a Australia amanhã de manhã)

I start my new job on Monday.

( Eu começo meu novo emprego na segunda feira)

What time do you finish work tomorrow?

( A que horas você termina o trabalho amanhã?)

Possessive pronouns

When I use them?
Quando uso Possessive Pronouns?

São usados para indicar posse, assim como os pronomes possessivos no Português.

Which are them?
Quais são eles?

Quando usados no inicio ou no meio da frase, eu uso:

I => MY

YOU => YOUR

HE => HIS

SHE => HER

IT => ITS

WE => OUR

THEY => THEIR

Example:

 This is my mother.

( Esta é minha mãe. )

His brother is alone.

( O irmão dele está sozinho. )

Their brother is here.

( O irmão deles está aqui.)

Quando no final da frase, eu uso:

I => MINE

YOU => YOURS

HE => HIS

SHE => HERS

IT => ITS

WE => OURS

THEY => THEIRS

Example:

This book is mine.

( Este livro é meu. )

My bedroom is bigger than hers.

( Meu quarto é maior que o dela. )

Reflexive Pronouns

Nós Usamos myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves ou itself  quando o sujeito e o objeto são a mesma pessoa. O sujeito faz e sofre a ação.

Examples:

My sister walks to school by herself.

I do my nails myself.

We have to make dinner oursaelves.

 Quando no singular:

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN + SELF

MY + SELF

YOUR + SELF

HIM + SELF

HER + SELF

IT + SELF

Quando no plural:

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN + SELVES

YOUR + SELVES

OUR + SELVES

THEM + SELVES

Present Perfect 3

Podemos usar gone e been com o Present Perfect.
(We can use gone and been with the Present Perfect)

Let's compare both:
vamos comparar os dois:

1- Gone

- Hi Marcus!

- Hi!

- Where is your sister now?

- She has gone to Frace.

(Marcus' sister is in France now)

2- Been

A week later:

-Hi Marcus! Where were you last week?

- I have been to France.

(Marcus is not in France now)

Present Perfect 2

Podemos usar Just, Already e yet junto com o Present Perfect.
(You can use Just, already and yet with Present Perfect)

Just = a short time ago
ocorreu a um pequeno periodo de tempo atrás.

Exemplo:

Are you hungry?

No, I have just had breakfast.



Already = before you expected / something  happened sooner than expected

Ocorreu antes do esperado.

Exemplo:

- What time is Rafael coming?

- He has already arrived.

(before you expected)

Yet = until now/ Shows that the speaker is specting something to happen.

Used only in questions and negative sentences.

(mostra que o falante está esperando que algo aconteça.

é usado apenas em questões e em frases negativas)

Example:

- Has Rafael arrived yet?

- No, not yet.

__________________________________________________________________________

Podemos usar também: today, this evening, this month,... Quando estes periodos não estiverem acabados no momento da fala.( We can use: today, this evening, this month,... When the periods are not finished at the moment  of speaking)

Example:



Rafael has played videogame today.

Have you had classes this week?

I haven't see Brian today.

Present Perfect 1

O que é o Present Perfect?
What is the the Present Perfect?

• É uma ação que começou no passado e que ainda continua no presente ( It's an action which happened in the past and has a result now )
• Obs: Não existe equivalente no Português

Como eu faço uma frase com o Present Perfect?
How can I do a sentence with the Present Perfect?




Affirmative:

Person + have/ has + Past participle(3a fileira da tabela do passado)



Exemplo:

I have cleaned the house.

Para chegar à ação acima ocorreram as ações abaixo antes, que resultaram nela.

1. 
   
   The house was dirty
2. 
   
   I started cleaning
3. 
   
   now the house is cleaned

• 
  
  Has- é usado com auxiliar do he, she e it

Negative:

Person + have / has + not + past participle

Exemplo:

I have not cleaned the house.

Formas reduzidas:

Have not = 've not

Has not = 's not

Interrogative:

Has / have + Person + Past Participle?

Have you Cleaned the house?

Past Continuous (was/ were + -ing)

O past continuous é uma ação continuada no passado.

Estrutura da frase no Past Continuous:

Affirmative:

Person + was / were + -ing

Taís was working yesterday.

( Taís estava trabalhando ontem.)

Rafael and Leonard were playing videogame yesterday evening.

(Rafael e Leonard estavam jogando videogame ontem à tarde)

Negative:

Person + was/ were + not + -ing

Taís was not / wasn't working yesterday.

Rafael and Leonard were not / weren't playing videogame yesterday evening. 

• Ao negar, o not não ficará sozinho, ele vem atrás do verbo auxiliar was/ were.
• forma reduzida:
• was not = wasn't   
• were not = weren't

Interrogative:

• Ao interrogar, o verbo auxiliar was/ were vão para a frente da frase:

Was/ Were + Person + -ing

Was Taís working yesterday?

Were Rafael and Leonard playing videogame yesterday evening? 

Past Simple (did)

• O DID é o auxiliar do passado simples.
• Quando o DID é auxiliar, não tem tradução. Se ele for verbo, é traduzido como "fazer" no passado.
• Este auxiliar é usado sempre que temos ação no passado.
• Os verbos regulares no passado terminam com ed.

exemplo:

Play - played

I played basketball yesterday.

• O DID auxiliar só vai aparecer na frase quando esta for negativa ou interrogativa.

exemplo:

Affirmative:

I watched TV yesterday evening.

(Eu assisti tv ontem à tarde.)

Negative:

•  Para negar, coloco o not na frente do DID .
• Forma reduzida:
•  DID NOT = DIDN'T

I didn't watch TV yesterday evening.

• Repare que o verbo (watch ) voltou  para sua forma normal/ primitiva.
• sempre quando o auxiliar did  aparece na frase, o verbo volta para sua forma primitiva.

Interrogative:

• Para perguntar, o did vai no começo da frase.

exemplo:

Did you have a car?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Regrinhas Basicas na hora de colocar o -ed

palavras terminadas em:

y: eu tiro o "y" e coloco ied

try - tried

p:  eu dobro o p

stop - stopped

n: eu dobro o n

plan - planned

Verbos irregulares:

• Os verbos irregulares ( irregular verbs) são aqueles que não seguem à regra do ed.

Exemple:

Be - was/were                                   break- broke                                        buy- bought

do - did                                              eat - ate                                                fly - flew     

go - went                                           have- had                                              hear - heard

know- knew                                      leave - left                                             lose - lost   

make- made                                     meet - met                                             pay - paid   

put - put                                            bring- brought                                       cut - cut      

read - read                                        ring - rang                                            say - said    

see - saw                                           sell - sold                                              sit - sat       

drink - drank                                    drive - drove                                         sleep - slept

speak - spoke                                   stand - stood                                         get - got     

hide - hid                                           hit - hit                                                   take - took

tell - told                                           think - thoght                                         win - won   

wake - woke                                     write - wrote                                          lay - laid     

• Existem muitos verbos regulares e irregulares, na tabela acima é uma pequena demonstração, só com os mais usados.

Exercises (Past Simple/ Was/were)

Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

a- The cat______________________________________________________________________.

b- The girls_____________________________________________________________________.

c-The children___________________________________________________________________.

d-The Children __________________________________________________________________.

e- They ________________________________________________________________________.

2- Write am/ is/ are( present) or was/ were (past).

a- I __________ 21 last year, so I __________22 now.

b- I ____________ at school yesterday morning, so I ____________ at home now.

c- I _____________ hungry. Can I have something to eat?

d- They ____________ at work yesterday.

e- I feel fine this morning, but I ____________ very tired last night.

f- Jack and Kate ____________ in the beach.

1- a-was in bed; b-were in the cinema; c- were at school; d- was on the beach; e- were in the restaurant; 2- a was/am; b was/am; c- am; d were; e- was; f- were

Was / Were (Past Simple)

O que é o Past Simple?

O  Was e o Were, são o passado do verbo to be (ser/ estar).
O Was é o passado de: am e is
O Were é o passado de: are

Veja tabela abaixo:

Affirmative:

Person + was/ were

I  was at work yesterday. 

you were here last week.

he was in bed when I called.

shewas at work when he died.

it was sad because of this.

we were alone all night long.

you were in their house.

they were at school yesterday.

Negative:

• 
  
   Eu apenas acrescento o not na frente do was / were.
• 
  
  Forma negativa reduzida:
• 
  
   was not =  wasn't
• 
  
  were not = weren't 

I was not / wasn't at work yesterday.

He                                                             

She was not/ wasn't at school yesterday.

it                                                                 

we                                                                    

You   were not / weren't at the shopping mall.

They                                                                 

Interrogative:

• 
  
  Para fazer perguntas, o auxiliar, ou seja, o WAS / WERE vem sempre na frente da pessoa.

Was I at work?

Was  He / She/ it at school?

Were We/ You/ They at the shopping mall yesterday?

exercises (present progressive/ present continuous)

1- Write these verbs with -ing:

wash: __________________________  write: __________________________
dance:__________________________ shine: __________________________
lie: ____________________________ play: ___________________________
eat: ____________________________ swim: __________________________

2- Coplete the sentences. Use these verbs:

cook  date  go  work  have   wear  study  listen

a- Please be quiet. I ____________________ to the test.
b- I ________________________ in a big company.
c- She ________________________ a hat.
d- She ________________________ to school by bus.
e- Rafael ___________________ lunch.
f- You _____________________ to me.(negative)
g- I _______________________ my dinner.
h- She ______________________ television.
i- Marina ______________________ Fabio.






1- washing; writing; dancing; shining; lying; playing; eating; swimming;
2- a- 'm studying; b- 'm working; c- 's wearing; d- is going; e- is having; f- is not listenning; g- 'm cooking; h- is watching; i- is dating;

Present Progressive (Present Continuous)

O Present Progressive é o nosso gerúndio no português. Eu preciso colocar o verbo to be (estar) na frente do verbo com ing.
O Present Progressive tem a seguinte estrutura:

Affirmative:

Person + Verb to be  + -ING

Maria is playing videogame.

Maria está jogando videogame.

Negative:

Person + verb to be + not + -ING

Maria is not playing videogame.

Maria isn't playing videogame.

Maria não está jogando videogame.

Interrogative:

Verb to be + Person + -ING ?

Is Maria playing videogame?

Maria está jogando videogame?

• 
  
  Eu sempre nego o verbo to be, não vou mexer no verbo com ing.
• 
  
  Para perguntar, verbo to be será sempre na frente.

Regrinhas Basicas

Verbs finished with:

verbos terminados em:

e:  eu tiro o "e" e acrescento o ing:

come - coming

n:  eu dobro o n:

 run - running

t:  eu dobro o t:

sit - sitting

m:  eu dobro o m:

swim - swimming

ie:  eu tiro o ie e coloco y:

 lie - lying

adverbs of frequency

Nós usamos os adverbios de frequencia em ações do dia a dia.

______________________________________________________________________________________

100%                                                                   50%                                                                              0%

Always   usually   frequently    often  sometimes   occasionally    rarely    seldom    hardly ever    never

A tabela acima vai do do mais frequente ( always) ao menos frequente (never).

Esses adverbios de frequencia aparecem normalmente antes do verbo.

I always go to school.          She never does her homework.        I usually wake up early. 

Os advérbios de frequencia com duas palavras são usados no final da oração.

Exercises (Simple present)

1-Complete the sentences about the people in the picture. Use:

a- Marie ___________ in the kitche.

b- Ronaldo ____________ football.

c- Jim ___________ a lot.

d- Snoop _________________ a lot.

e- The Children ________________ twice a week.

2- Complete the sentences:

Wake up       sleep      clean      arrive      watch      work      have      like      meet      teach

a- Camila ___________ French every Monday.

b- Carlos ___________ at 7pm everyday.

c- He _____________ a lot.

d- Mary _____________ the house every week.

e- Leonardo _______________ TV in the afternoon.

f- She ______________ hard.

g- Rafael _____________ a dog. 

h- Wilson ___________ to play football.

i- The teacher _____________ lots of people everyday.

 

1-a- cooks, b- plays; c- eats; d- sleeps; sings; 2- a-teachs, b-wakes up, c- sleeps, d- cleans, e- watches, f- works, g- has, h- likes, i- meets;

Present Simple( do, does)

Do and Does



O Do e o does significam a mesma coisa, o verbo fazer. Mas estes também são verbos auxiliares do presente, neste caso eles não tem tradução, mas precisam estar na frase.


Do e Does são utilizados em “ações”no presente.


Do e does só aparecem na frase como auxiliar quando esta é negativa ou interrogativa.


I use do for( eu uso o do para): I, You, We, They

Do they have a Ball?

They have a ball.

They don’t have a Ball.

A forma negative do do é: do not ou don’t ( forma simplificada)..


I use does for (eu uso does para): He, she, it


Does Marquinhos have a dog?


Marquinhos has a dog.


Marquinhos doesn’t have a dog.






Does she have a ball


She has a ball.


She does not have a ball.


A forma negative do does é: does not e doesn’t( forma simplificada)


Quando usamos He, she e it no presente simples, acrescentamos o s no final dos verbos:


Acrescenta-se “s”                             Acrescenta-se “ES”                  Termina com vogal e h Tira-se                                                                                                                     o“y” e coloca-se”ies”


Read (ler) reads                                  Like (gostar) likes                  Study (estudar) studies


Work (trabalhar) works                     Do (fazer) Does                      Try (tentar) Tries


Cost (custar“dinheiro”) Costs         Live(viver,morar) Lives            Get (obter) Gets 
                                                        
                                                          Watch (assistir) Watches  

• Se o verbo terminar com -s, -sh ou -ch  acrescento es

Example:      pass - passes      finish - finishes

• Se terminar com -y  tiro o y e coloco -ies   

Example:   study - studies       try - tries

• Se o verbo terminar com o acrescento -es

Example:      do - does       go - goes
      

 Modifica-se o verbo(irregular)



Play (tocar, jogar)* Plays               GO (ir) goes                                Have(ter) has


Start (iniciar) starts                  Finish (terminar) finishes